ࡱ> oqn [bjbjo>o> 4 T T[    ! k0-----2 >$=@FFF--%F --F-@S5 P ;0k}ZL}}0FFFFFFFFFFkFFFF}FFFFFFFFF- : Managing uncertainty a challenge for the nowadays society Emil Constantinescu Abstract The certainty - uncertainty binomial expressed across history the contradictory human nature and its struggles. Totalitarian systems have exaggerated the value of certainty. Dictators have gained power by promising safety and have remained in power in the name of law and order, while revolutions broke out where immobility became unbearable for the human need for change. Although uncertainty may prove difficult to eliminate or to rule, it should not be demonized. The best option would be to manage it in an acceptable manner, but for doing this one must first understand it. In terms of both science and art, uncertainty can get a double valence: it is either a catalyst for scientific research and artistic performance or a real danger in promoting authentic values. The difficulty of separating these two perspectives is the great challenge for the contemporary society. The essential difference between political systems is given by the way they manage uncertainty. Do these systems acknowledge uncertainty and try to find solutions through dialogue? Or they try to eliminate uncertainty through the dictate of religions or ideologies? Democratic culture does not deny uncertainty. It helps us ask questions and use dialogue to support human progress. Democratic institutions are founded on the idea that there is no absolute truth and no single answer to every problem. The management of uncertainty is fundamentally related to the essence of life in an open society. Unlike totalitarian regimes that demonize it, democracy can turn uncertainty into progress. This progress is defined by the human aspiration to freedom, solidarity, respect and tolerance. Only dialogue, and not force, could help us manage uncertainty. Faced with uncertainty, risk would be reduced by diversity rather than by uniformity. Calls for ethnic or religious purity are creating major risks, rather than reducing them. The restauration of a relative balance between uncertainty and certainty can only come from open education based on fundamental human values. ;<PZ   ! - k p   ) E R Y 4<ɵllll$hY6h!UCJOJQJaJmH sH hY6CJOJQJaJmH sH $hY6hoCJOJQJaJmH sH $hY6h+CJOJQJaJmH sH 'hY6hY65CJOJQJaJmH sH !hY65CJOJQJaJmH sH !h+5CJOJQJaJmH sH 'hY6h+5CJOJQJaJmH sH *<=QZ [$a$gdY6$a$gdY6<GNbns{ 5qwxZ[hY6h*CJOJQJaJ$hY6h!UCJOJQJaJmH sH $hY6h+CJOJQJaJmH sH 21h:p#t. 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The difficulty of separating these two perspectives ;';Y; !:;%4: ;4: !4%;4 ;3.%G;4%:!'&!3; !:%;'%.4:4'3! :;%!:4.4$ T;%;4&.:44 ;3- TX 6 ݗ@@X Lahis the great challenge for !.!;4;'34!3;3!!3:;4';'T F 6 ݗ@@ Lahpthe contemporary ;43:;!4Y;;'4'9T|G 6 ݗ@@G  Lah\society..;3!3!9TT 6 ݗ@@  LahP 5 TTX  ݗ@@X LahP K TX ݗ@@X6LahThe essential difference between political systems is G;444-.3; !3!4:!''3'3;443;4!T34;3:; ! !43!4.9.!4Y.4!.3Tp  ݗ@@ LahXgiven ; ;3;4T ?ݗ@@  Lahdby the way @:94!;44T4:4Tl@&ݗ@@@LahXthey !;49 TX7+ݗ@@XLahtmanage uncertainty. Z4;4;3&:;43'!3 ;!9&T8 +ݗ@@8LahDo these systems acknowledgeT;& ;3.3&.9.!4Y.&43;:;T 4:;3TT % +ݗ@@ LahP &T& V+ݗ@@&  Lahduncertainty :;44&!3!: 9&TxW+ݗ@@WLah\and try4;;%!'9TT+ݗ@@LahP &T|$+ݗ@@Lah\to find !:&' :: TX9vݗ@@XLahsolutions through dialogue? Or .: ; !::.3!:'::;;3: 4!::;353T'3Tw9 ݗ@@w Lahdthey try to !:493!(94!;3T 9ݗ@@ Lahxeliminate uncertainty 3!!Y!;4 43:;44&!3 ;!93T9ݗ@@ Lahdthrough the!;&;::;3!:4TT 9%ݗ@@ LahP  T|XLݗ@@X1Lah\dictate ;!3!3!4T`*Lݗ@@1LahTof ;'T+qLݗ@@+1Lah|religions or ideologies?'4 ; :;.;&!;3:!:; 4-4TTrLݗ@@r1LahP 5 TTX ݗ@@XLahP K TTX. ݗ@@X,LahDemocratic culture does not deny uncertaintyT5Y;4'4 !4"3; ;'4!:;4.!:;!!;3;9";;43'!3 ;!9T . ݗ@@  Lahd. It helps "'!";3 ;.!TX . ݗ@@ LahPus:.TT . ݗ@@ LahP "T .%ݗ@&" WMFC j@ Lahxask questions and use 4-;!:;4- !::."4:;!;-4 T(X$Aݗ@@X&OLahdialogue to support human progress. Democratic institutions are founded on the ;!3 ;:;4 ;!-;::;&!!:;Y4;!;':;'3..!T4Y;4'3! 4! ;- ! ; ;:.!4&4!':;:;3; ;; ;3 TXOݗ@@XKLahidea that there is no absolute truth and no single answer to every problem.!;345 ;4!4!:4'45 .5::54;-; :!45!&:!;53;;4;;4. :;!453:.T4'5 :54;4'95;';:!4YTT OSݗ@@ LahP K TlXcݗ@@XHLahXThe mG;4YTFcݗ@@HLahanagement of uncertainty 4;4;4Y4;!;':;44&!3!:!9TGq cݗ@@GHLahpis fundamentally !.&;:;4Y4;!3 !9Tr cݗ@@r HLahprelated to the ess'4!4!3;!; ;43..T$cݗ@@HLahlence of life in 3;43;' !'4!: T$Xq ݗ@@X$Lahan open society. Unlike totalitarian4;/:;4:0-;3!3!90T; !;30 :!4 !4&!4:TT q5 ݗ@@ LahP 0Tx6 q ݗ@@6 Lah\regimes'3;!Y4.TT q ݗ@@ LahP /T q ݗ@@  Lah`that demon!:4 0:4Y;;Tx qݗ@@ Lah\ize it,!44/ !TTq6ݗ@@LahP /T7q$ݗ@@7Lahhdemocracy can ;4Y;4'449044; TlX5ݗ@@XiLahXturn !;&;!T6dݗ@@6i Lahduncertainty ;;34' 4 ;!9"Tle<ݗ@@eiLahXinto !: ;"T|=ݗ@@=iLah\progress;':;'3-.T ݗ@@iLah. This progress is defined "G; .!;':;'3..!!.!;4&!:4;!Tx  ݗ@@ iLah\by the ;9"!;4"T %ݗ@@ iLahphuman aspiration :;Y4;"4.:!'3 :: T`X ݗ@@X.Lahto freedom, solidarity, respect and tolerance.!::''43:;Y:.;! ;3' ::'4.:44 :3;:: :!4&4;44TT @ ݗ@@ LahP :TA $ݗ@@A LahOnly dialogue, and not force, S;!9::!3!::;4:4:;9:; :';&44 TlX#[ݗ@@XLahXcould4:; ;TT\#ݗ@@\LahP BT|#Sݗ@@Lah\help us ;3 ;B;.BTxT#ݗ@@TLah\manage Y4;4;4BT#k ݗ@@ Lahhuncertainty. :;44&!3!:!9BTl #Cݗ@@l Lah|Faced with uncertainty, A444;BT! ;B:;44&!3!:!9CTD#$ݗ@@DLahhrisk would be '!-;BT:; ;B:3 T`XR 7ݗ@@X.Lahreduced by diversity rather than by uniformity'4:;43;5;95; ;4&-!!95'4 ;4'4!;3;4;95;; &;'Y!!9TpS h 7ݗ@@S LahX. Call5N4!!TTi  7ݗ@@i LahPs.TT  7ݗ@@ LahP 5T $7ݗ@@ Lah|for ethnic or religious &;'53!:;!44;'5&4 ; ;:- TxXDݗ@@XLah\purity ;;& !9#TdDBݗ@@LahTare 4'4#TlCD%ݗ@@CLahXcreat4'43!T`&Dݗ@@&LahTing :;TTDݗ@@LahP #TD,ݗ@@ Lahhmajor risks, Z4 ;'#&!-;."T-D ݗ@@-Lahtrather than reducing'4 ;4&# ;3:#'4:;3!:;TT D ݗ@@ LahP "Tp D- ݗ@@ LahXthem. !:4Y#T. Dݗ@@. LahtThe restauration of G;4#'4-!4:'4 ;;";'`& WMFC j"TXD%ݗ@@LahPa 4 TX Xݗ@@X=Lahrelative balance between unce'4!3! ;40;3!3;440;3 T44;0;;34T`$Xݗ@@=.Lahrtainty and certainty can only come from open ' 4 ;!914:;144&!3!:!9144;1::!:14;Y41'';Y1;;4: TTXf ݗ@@X,Laheducation based on fundamental human values.4:;43! ;;;3.3;:;':;:4Y4;!4!;;Y4;;3 ;4.TT f. ݗ@@ LahP 5% % 6h6ah6a66g6`g6`66f6_f6_66e6^e6^66d6]d6]66c6\c6\66b6[b6[66a6Za6Z66`6Y`6Y6 6 _6X_6X 6  6 ^6W^6W 6  6 ]6V]6V 6  6 \6U\6U 6  6 [6T[6T 6 6Z6SZ6S66Y6RY6R66X6QX6Q66W6PW6P66V6OV6O6   ."System--@Times New Roman--- @Times New Roman-@Times New Roman- @Times New Roman-@Times New Roman- @Times New Roman-- +2 jZ!Managing uncertainty         2 j! 2 j! A2 j$!a challenge for the nowadays society        2 j#!  2 Z! (2 !Emil Constantinescuy     2 ! 2 Z!Abstract   2 ! @Times New Roman--- 2 Z!The certainty   2 !- 2 ! k2 @!uncertainty binomial expressed across history the contradictory               2 ZP!human nature and its struggles. Totalitarian systems have exaggerated the value                2 Z!of t  q2 tD!certainty. Dictators have gained power by promising safety and have              }2 +ZL!remained in power in the name of law and order, while revolutions broke out                   n2 AZB!where immobility became unbearable for the human need for change.               2 AO !Although   C2 WZ%!uncertainty may prove difficult to el         2 Ww!iminate   2 W!or n  12 W!to rule, it should not be        2 W! 2 lZ !demonized.   h2 l>!The best option would be to manage it in an acceptable manner,               2 lv! 2 l{!but  (2 Z!for doing this one y    2  !must first  2 # !understand it    2 ~!. 2 !  2 Z! 2 ZU!In terms of both science and art, uncertainty can get a double valence: it is either              2 Z !a catalyst s2 E!for scientific research and artistic performance or a real danger in             2 ZP!promoting authentic values. The difficulty of separating these two perspectives                  42 Z!is the great challenge for      %2  !the contemporary e    2 !society.  2 !  2 Z! \2 /Z6!The essential difference between political systems is        2 /!given   2 / !by the way    2 /s!they   )2 EZ!manage uncertainty.     52 E!Do these systems acknowledge      2 E! 2 E !uncertainty   2 E)!and try.  2 E\! 2 Ea!to find   :2 [Z!solutions through dialogue? Or        2 [F !they try to     ,2 [!eliminate uncertainty     2 [= !through the     2 [! 2 pZ!dictate 2 p!of t /2 p!religions or ideologies?     2 pF!  2 Z! M2 Z,!Democratic culture does not deny uncertainty           2  !. It helps   2 !us  2 ! ,2 !ask questions and use     2 ZO!dialogue to support human progress. Democratic institutions are founded on the                  |2 ZK!idea that there is no absolute truth and no single answer to every problem.t                  2 ! 2 Z!The mt 12 !anagement of uncertainty        %2 ?!is fundamentally     &2 !related to the ess  #2 0!ence of life in    A2 Z$!an open society. Unlike totalitarian      2 \! 2 c!regimes    2 ! 2  !that demon  2 !ize it,  2 !  2 $!democracy can   2 Z!turn t  2 | !uncertainty   2 !into t 2 !progress 42 ,!. This progress is defined       2 !by the s  %2 !human aspiration s   P2 )Z.!to freedom, solidarity, respect and tolerance.           2 )! 82 )!Only dialogue, and not force,      2 ?Z!coulde  2 ?! 2 ?!help us   2 ?!manage    2 ? !uncertainty.     /2 ?k!Faced with uncertainty,      2 ?&!risk would be   P2 TZ.!reduced by diversity rather than by uniformity           2 T!. Call  2 T!s 2 T! /2 T!for ethnic or religious      2 jZ!purity 2 j!are 2 j!creaty2 j!inga 2 j! 2 j !major risks,  )2 j;!rather than reducing     2 j! 2 j!them. )2 j!The restauration of    2 j!a 72 Z!relative balance between unce    P2 7.!rtainty and certainty can only come from open           M2 Z,!education based on fundamental human values.             2 ! --!!              ՜.+,0 hp|  W  Title  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdeghijklmpRoot Entry FCr1Table }WordDocument4SummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation8fCompObjy  F'Microsoft Office Word 97-2003 Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q