ࡱ> PSO{ @bjbjzz 4FC%8@T,-0"L/N/N/N/N/N/N/$24@r/ur//L/L/*~,@)t~Z+8//0-0n+44(~,~,4x.r/r/-04 : IOpportunities and Challenges of 21st century- Need for a New Paradigm Momir Djurovic Conclusions from Energy and Ecology (section 2B) During the meeting on Energy and Ecology it has been learned that the challenges we are going to face should attract more individual attention as well as more dialog between states and institutions. In that sense it should try to state clearly what is the relationship between sustainability and development, and how to preserve biodiversity. It needs different relation than the one that exists between science and humans as well as change of education. It has been said that we do know what we should do but we do not know a crucial and how to do it. The solutions have to be global since changes which have occurred are already global. This requires world governance, reforms of socio-economic issues, different relation of poor and richest countries, flexible labor market, establishing relation of efficiency and sufficiency and many more. In a World of 7 billion people: Almost 1 billion people go hungry every day; 1 out of every 5 people lives on <$1.25 a day; 1.5 billon have no access to electricity; 2.5 billion dont have a toilet; Intensity of poverty as the joint distribution of their deprivations (nutrition, toilet, water, elec-tricity, assets) = highest in poorest countries; 1.189 million poor in Middle-Income countries compared to 459 million in low-income countries; Gini coefficient (indicator of inequality) is rising in the process of development. What makes real threat to the world poverty. At the same time population of 0=40 years will face in next 40 years: Population growth: 7 billion 2012 to 9 billion 2050; Global-gross-products: $70 trillion 2012 to $200 trillion 2050 along business-as-usual way; Life satisfaction is low; Dwindling populations and species high even 60%; Ecological foothprint high; In 38 years (1970-2008) Global Living Planet Index -30%; Global Tropical Index -60%; Tropical Fresh Water Index -70%; Humanitys Ecological Footprint higher 50% of Earths Biocapacity 2008; With business-as-usual CO2 emissions in large regions will surpass 2*C increase in average annual temperature by 2040; Energy needs to double, at least. The world is faced with high growth of population. Planet could sustain a high population (probably within some limits) but it is a combination of things like how we use resources, for what purpose, how many, how the use of those resources change over time, etc, that defines whether they are used inefficiently or not and whether we will run out of them or not. There is a need to change the course of politics and economy changing traditional economic behavior since it has been overused such to take account of competition of water, arable land, energy and materials with resources efficiency. In that sense there is a need to change traditional economic parameters such as GDP with ones which represent more "life satisfaction". The main objective should be to assign values to Natural Capital and to reduce energy flow which might mean employing the concept of Planetary Boundaries. Energy One of the main challenges for 21st century: provision of enough energy can be solved by A dual strategy what means: %Conservation: maximize energy efficiency and minimize energy use, while insuring economic prosperity; % Develop new sources of clean energy. Which requires: % Universal Access to Modern Energy (energy mix); % Double Energy Efficiency Improvement; %Double Renewable Share in Final Energy Aspirations and Ambitious but Achievable. Such to provide sustainability future by: % providing (almost) universal access to affordable clean cooking and electricity for the poor; % Improving energy security throughout the world; % Limiting air pollution and health damages from energy use; %Limiting Climate change. The way to help realize upper should be to: Phase out of fossil fuel subsidies; More local primary energy ; Smart energy systems; which includes: Renewable Energy; Buildings as Positive Power Plants; Energy Storage; Smart grids and Plug-in Vehicles; Stronger administrative capacity; Legislative framework; Deliver the 2008-2012 targets under the Kyoto Protocol. Consequences More energy security more security; More energy related employment more equity; Decoupling the growth from resources; Putting climate change under control Water Further to energy issues special attention was paid to the Future of the water and strategies to meet challenges. It has been recognized that water can be a cause of security, poverty, political conflicts, and climate change. 200,000 people worldwide are dying every day due to problems with water supply, such as lack or impurity of drinking water. Furthermore, the shortage of water has heavy economic impact. Thus the loss of 10% of water supply results in 12% less GDP. The importance of the water nationally and internationally should be one of the main priorities. Specific goals to approach water issue are: % Scaled down approach and demand management; % Adjust pricing models to mach supply with deman !"$EFUalX ] h n    i p {whePhsh{h>Yh-2h 1h#h}`h36hR4hvrhuAh}`CJaJhuAhR4CJaJha CJaJhuAh Gr5CJ aJ huAhR45CJ H*aJ huAhuA5CJ aJ huAh}`5CJ aJ huAhR45CJ aJ .FU # S ~ 7 _ =\!p`gdh, & Fgd & Fp]pgdh,$a$gduA " $ R T }  6 8 4K^_p   ;бؤИЊhh,hEw5\mHsHhh,huA5mH!sH!hh,hEw56\]hh,hEw5>*huAhEw5mH!sH!h huA5hh,hEw5hh,hEw5mH!sH!h}`h Grh*Rh36huAhePhvr4;<=XZ]u "9;<G'13FżżżŪŜŎ녁zvrvh?h36 hhhhvr h45huAhEw5H*mH!sH!hh,hEw5>*mH!sH!hh,hEw5>*huAhEw5h45mH!sH!huAhEw5mH!sH!hh,hEw5mH!sH!hh,hEw5\mHsHhh,hEw5hh,h45mH!sH!+FLWX",.=Hpr$&.np~.0Pdfhj2츭tthh,h56]hh,h}`56]hh,hEw56]!hh,heP56OJQJ]^J hhh4heP6\]hh56\]hePhvrhvrH*hvrhshs5;>*hhCnh Vh4hhJh36h}`+p~h6 \V~Dh & Fgd Grgd4 & Fgd4 & Fgd Gr^gdeP`gd4gds2468 XZ^`n>LVX\n>z|뺮ԢԢ댔󌔌󌔌hh,hK5hh,hK5OJQJ^JhKhh,h}`5h4hJ5mH!sH!hh,hJ5hh,h5OJQJ^Jh4h h45hh,heP5OJQJ^Jhh,h5hh,h45mH!sH!7Dfgh4568MNOel¹ٲzpip_phj=hJ5\ hj=hj=hj=hj=5\hj=hj=CJOJQJaJ hh,h45B*mH!phsH!/hj=hj=5B*CJOJQJ\^JaJph hj=hEwh4\mH sH h4hK\mH sH h4 h GrhEwhh,h45mH!sH!h GrhEw5\mH sH hKhh,hK5$78O39B8B8889X9$:^gd3`gd3`gdvrgd Gr & Fgd GrZ^Zgd4 & Fgdj=8^8gdj=  & Fh`hgdj=  2389Pkt:=GNr{ȼȼȼȮ}vokhh ha h4 ha hvrhKl ha h}`ha hK6hs ha hKhshs5hshs5;>* hKhEw h GrhEwhh,h45mH!sH!h GrhEw5\mH sH  hKhKhKhJ\mH sH hy?,\mH sH  hj=hj= h45\("|6>@BDFHR 88888 8>8@8B8D8F8t8z888ٳzrjhh,hJ5hh,h35hh,h35OJQJ^JUhh,ha 5mH!sH!hh,h Gr5hh,h}`5 ha 5hh,hvr5hh,hvr5OJQJ^Jha heP\ha hvr\ha h Gr\ ha h Grhh ha h36 ha hK ha h}` ha heP)d; % Innovation and smart water; % Efficiency plus equity and solidarity (water justice); %Change the model; %Human empowerment; %Right based approach in a common economy, Water issues have special impact to transboundary challenges and in that sense the main problems are: %Multiliberation  beyond the fragmented law what means more international law; %Environmental instrumentalization- what means more attention to roles regarding environment protection; %Humanization= what means right to water and sanitary;888888888999T9V9X9|999999999999$:&:6:D:\:z::::::::;;;;;;<@@@$@@@|@~@@ļݨ또ݘɎUhh,h}`5hh,h35hh,hh,5hh,heP5ha h}`h3ha hEw5 ha 5hh,ha 5mH!sH!hh,hEw5hh,h35OJQJ^Jhh,h Gr5ha hJ5mH!sH!6$::;@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@h]hgds &`#$gd} dgds`gd3^gdh,^gd3 % Participation- what needs to foster environmental democracy.     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